• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to the use of auxetic material (M) or auxetic structures in an exhaust gas turbocharger. The invention further relates to an exhaust gas turbocharger with a shaft (2) and at least one compressor wheel (V) arranged on the shaft (2) and a turbine wheel (T) and a housing (3) in which the shaft (2), the compressor wheel (V) and the turbine wheel (T) are arranged, wherein at least part of the housing (3) consists of an auxetic material (M) with a negative transverse contraction number.
    公开号:CH715703A2
    申请号:CH01463/19
    申请日:2019-11-19
    公开日:2020-06-30
    发明作者:Weihard Stefan；Spengler Sebastian；Thaser Boris；Aurahs Lutz
    申请人:Man Energy Solutions Se；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to an exhaust gas turbocharger.
    Conventional exhaust gas turbochargers are used to increase performance and optimize combustion. A certain mixture ratio (stoichiometric fuel ratio) is necessary for good and complete combustion in the engine. When the exhaust gas turbocharger is being charged, the density of the intake air is increased and thus the air volume is increased. The degree of filling and thus the efficiency of the internal combustion engine are significantly improved by the charging. In addition, the torque can be increased significantly, whereby an increase in performance can be achieved.
    The heart of the turbocharger is the rotor, consisting of a turbine wheel with shaft and compressor wheel, which are arranged in the turbocharger housing. The turbine wheel is located on the exhaust side and is usually firmly connected to the shaft. The compressor wheel is mounted on the other end of the rotor shaft. Depending on the version, the wheels are typically equipped with impeller blades and form a gap to the housing at the end. The gap width has a direct influence on the efficiency of the turbocharger. Depending on the speed of the shaft, different proportions of expansion occur on the different rotating and non-rotating components - this leads to changing relative positions.
    [0004] The gap between the blade tips and the housing wall also changes. One considers the so-called transient expansion behavior between rotor and housing when driving through a cycle. This transient strain behavior of rotating and non-rotating components differs significantly from one another. As a result, there is a high risk of gap bridging in which the blade wheel tips rub against the housing. Such a risk of a rubbing process between the housing and the blade tip exists in particular when the exhaust gas turbocharger is started up.
    In order to avoid dangerous and / or impermissible operating states in transient operation between components that are movable relative to one another, the nominal gaps are accordingly dimensioned sufficiently large in the prior art. In this way, streaking or bridging of the gap with contact on the housing can be avoided in transient operation. At the same time, however, a correspondingly large gap in the later stationary operation of the exhaust gas turbocharger leads to reduced efficiency.
    [0006] In the event of bursting - when rotating components fail - dangerous situations can arise with fractions of the exhaust gas turbocharger being thrown around. Different burst protection devices are proposed for this purpose in the prior art.
    To prevent leakage of component fragments in defined failure scenarios of rotating components, z. B. provided massive wall thicknesses and / or complex additional burst protection structures installed directly around the housing. The aim, however, is to be able to dispense with a complex burst protection construction and / or massive flow-guiding housing constructions.
    Furthermore, there is the problem with the exhaust gas turbochargers known in the prior art that components which are coupled to one another expand significantly differently in their expansion behavior. In conventional connections between such components occur, for. B. by strain blockages high screw stresses and z. B. by relative movements in the contact surfaces corresponding closure. It is also desirable to optimize these adverse properties with the idea of the present invention.
    The invention is therefore based on the object to overcome the aforementioned disadvantages and to propose an improved solution for an exhaust gas turbocharger which has a safe operating behavior with a high efficiency and in particular has an improvement for the problem of transient expansion.
    [0010] This object is achieved by the combination of features according to patent claim 1 and patent claim 3.
    A basic idea of the present invention is that one uses the properties of materials with a negative Poisson number (transverse contraction number) in certain areas of the housing or of the turbocharger in order to have a targeted influence on the expansion behavior of the areas in question.
    According to the invention, a novel use of an auxetic material or an auxetic structure with a negative transverse contraction number in or on an exhaust gas turbocharger is proposed on one or between two adjacent components to influence thermal and transient strains.
    In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the use of an auxetic material is proposed, the auxetic material or the auxetic structure between two housing walls of a turbocharger housing, in cavities of components of the exhaust gas turbocharger and / or between at least two adjacent components of the exhaust gas -Turbocharger is arranged, in the latter case the auxetic material is preferably provided as an elastic connecting element.
    Another aspect of the present invention relates to an exhaust gas turbocharger with a shaft and at least one compressor wheel arranged on the shaft and a turbine wheel and a housing in which the shaft, the compressor wheel and the turbine wheel are arranged, at least part of the housing consists of an auxetic material with a negative transverse contraction number.
    In a preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that the housing has an inner housing wall and an outer housing wall and a space and the auxetic material (M) between the housing walls is preferably arranged completely in the space.
    By integrating the auxetic structure in the compressor and / or turbine-side housing of a radial or axial exhaust gas turbocharger, the expansion behavior of the housing can be adapted to the expansion behavior of the rotor. The adjustment is made by the targeted setting of the geometry parameters of the auxetic structure. The geometry parameters are set such that, taking into account transient thermal expansions and proportions of expansion due to pressure and centrifugal force, the expansion characteristic of the housing is adapted to the expansion characteristic of the rotor. As a result, the radial gap that occurs in stationary operation is narrower than that of conventional designs. As a result, a higher efficiency in turbines and a larger surge margin in compressors can be achieved.
    It is further advantageous if the auxetic material is arranged completely in the area around the compressor wheel and / or the turbine wheel, preferably between the housing walls, as a result of which an additional safety effect for a bursting case of the turbocharger is produced. Here, the auxetic structure is integrated as a crash zone for absorbing kinetic energy when a rotating component strikes the housing structure, and consequently the security against the escape of components and / or component fragments is increased without any noteworthy increase in weight.
    It is further advantageous if an elastic connecting element is arranged between at least two adjacent components of the exhaust gas turbocharger, which consists of an auxetic material with a negative transverse contraction number (z. B. between the bearing housing and the turbine inflow housing). The structure can e.g. B. be printed or applied directly to a component or both components or attached to the two components with connecting elements not described in detail.
    Alternatively, the two adjacent components can be directly connected to each other by the auxetic material.
    In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention it is provided that cavities are provided in the housing, which are filled with the auxetic material. The required stiffness is set by an appropriate design of the structure, so that despite the low weight, the vibration requirements are met.
    It is also advantageous if components of the exhaust gas turbocharger, the expansion behavior of which is to be influenced, are coated or acted upon with auxetic material.
    The inventive concept can be used in particular in the following exhaust gas turbochargers: radial turbochargers, axial turbochargers, turbo blowers or turbines (power turbines).
    [0023] Other advantageous developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims or are shown in more detail below together with the description of the preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to the figures. Show it:<tb> Fig. 1 <SEP> a first schematic embodiment of the present invention and<tb> Fig. 2 <SEP> an alternative schematic embodiment of the present invention.
    The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, the same reference symbols in the figures indicating the same structural and / or functional features.
    1 shows a first, purely schematic embodiment of the present invention. A section of a housing 3 of an exhaust gas turbocharger with an impeller L (for example a turbine wheel T or a compressor wheel V) with moving blades 7 is shown. The impeller L is arranged on a shaft 2 in the housing 3.
    The housing 3 has an inner housing wall 4 and an outer housing wall 5, an auxetic material M or an auxetic structure with a negative transverse contraction number being arranged between the two housing walls 4, 5.
    A gap S is provided between the impeller blades 7 and the inner housing wall 4 as intended.
    In the embodiment shown, the auxetic material M is arranged completely in the area around the impeller L between the housing walls 4, 5.
    2 shows an alternative schematic embodiment of the present invention. A component B1 and a component B2 of an exhaust gas turbocharger are shown, with between the two adjacent d. H. adjacent components B1, B2 of the exhaust gas turbocharger, an elastic connecting element 10 is arranged, which consists of an auxetic material M or an auxetic structure M with a negative transverse contraction number. The two adjacent components B1, B2 are directly connected to one another by the auxetic material M.
    The embodiment of the invention is not limited to the preferred exemplary embodiments specified above. Rather, a number of variants are conceivable which make use of the solution shown even in the case of fundamentally different types.
    Reference list
    3 housing 4 inner housing wall 5 outer housing wall 7 impeller blades 10 connecting element B1 component 1 B2 component 2 L impeller M auxetic material / auxetic structure S gap T turbine wheel V compressor wheel
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    1. Use of an auxetic material (M) or an auxetic structure with a negative transverse contraction number in or on an exhaust gas turbocharger between two adjacent components to influence thermal and transient strains.
    [2]
    2. Use of an auxetic material (M) or an auxetic structure according to claim 1, wherein the auxetic material (M) between two housing walls, in cavities of components of the exhaust gas turbocharger or between at least two adjacent components of the exhaust gas turbocharger as an elastic Connection element is arranged.
    [3]
    3. exhaust gas turbocharger with a shaft (2) and at least one compressor wheel (V) arranged on the shaft and a turbine wheel (T) and a housing (3) in which the shaft (2), the compressor wheel (V) and the turbine wheel (T) are arranged, at least part of the housing (3) consisting of an auxetic material (M) with a negative transverse contraction number.
    [4]
    4. Exhaust gas turbocharger according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing (3) has an inner housing wall (4) and an outer housing wall (5) and the auxetic material (M) is arranged between the housing walls.
    [5]
    5. Exhaust gas turbocharger according to claim 2, characterized in that the auxetic material (M) is arranged completely in the area around the compressor wheel (V) and / or the turbine wheel (T), preferably between the housing walls (4, 5) .
    [6]
    6. Exhaust gas turbocharger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an elastic connecting element is arranged between at least two adjacent components of the exhaust gas turbocharger, which consists of an auxetic material (M) with a negative transverse contraction number.
    [7]
    7. exhaust gas turbocharger according to claim 6, characterized in that the two adjacent components are directly connected to each other by the auxetic material (M).
    [8]
    8. Exhaust gas turbocharger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that cavities are provided in the housing (3) which are filled with the auxetic material (M).
    [9]
    9. Exhaust gas turbocharger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that components of the exhaust gas turbocharger are coated or acted upon with auxetic material (M).
    [10]
    10. Exhaust gas turbocharger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the turbocharger is a radial turbocharger, an axial turbocharger, a turbo blower or a turbine.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DE102018132414A1|2020-06-18|
    JP2020097937A|2020-06-25|
    KR20200074893A|2020-06-25|
    RU2725302C1|2020-06-30|
    US20200191162A1|2020-06-18|
    CN111322152A|2020-06-23|
    引用文献:
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102018132414.6A|DE102018132414A1|2018-12-17|2018-12-17|Exhaust gas turbocharger with auxetic structures|
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